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The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has undeniably become a predominant device for mixed conduction materials, offering impressive transconduction properties alongside a relatively simple device architecture. We then discuss the progress that has been made on each of the potential device components, bringing together findings from a range of research fields, and conclude with discussion of opportunities for future research.Įxpanding the toolbox of the biology and electronics mutual conjunction is a primary aim of bioelectronics. In this review, we first present the underlying physical principles that govern the behavior of soft ionic materials and devices. These fields range from waste-water treatment research to soft robotics and bio-interface research. With the great promise of ionically-conducting materials and ionic devices, there are several fields working independently on pieces of the puzzle. Stand alone ionic devices would need to have five key capabilities: signal transmission, energy conversion/harvesting, sensing, actuation, and signal processing.

Ionic devices hold the promise of using the wide range of chemical and molecular properties of mobile ions and polymer functional groups to enable flexible conductors, chemically specific sensors, bio-compatible interfaces, and deformable digital or analog signal processors. Traditional metal and silicon electronics are limited to two charge carriers: electrons and holes. Soft ionic materials combine charged mobile species and tailored polymer structures in a manner that enables a wide array of functional devices.

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